CHOLERA, PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Nigeria with a population of about 160 million people is presently faced with the issues of internally displaced people, comprising majorly of women, children and the elderly as a result of restiveness and flooding. Presently, there are different camp settlements for these internally displaced persons all over the country and with such come environmental and health challenges. These could result in Malnutrition and many preventable diseases, among which are water borne and water shortage diseases such as CHOLERA.
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection, a disease of poverty and closely linked to poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water, a severe highly infectious diarrhoea disease caused by the bacterium: Vibrio cholerae . So virulent that a person could be in good health at dawn and be buried at dusk, occurrence is worldwide, and disease burden is characterized as both endemic and epidemics.
According to World Health Organizations, researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases of cholera and 21,000 to 143,000 deaths worldwide due to cholera. The Nigeria Center for Diseases Control put the number of suspected cases of cholera between weeks 1 and 34 (2017) to be 1198 with 36 laboratories confirmed and 32 deaths from 47 local government areas in 16 States, these figures are far higher that that given for 2016.
Cholera is transmitted by the fecal-oral route through contaminated water and food, person to person transmission is usually rare. Greater risks occur in overpopulated communities and refugee settings such as the IDP camps characterized by poor sanitation, water shortage, unsafe drinking water and increased person to person transmission. The infectious diseases of bacteria required to cause clinical disease varies with the source, if it is ingested with water, the dose is in the order of 10³-10^6 organism. When ingested with food, fewer organisms are required to produce the disease(10²-10⁴).
Check the next edition for more info
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection, a disease of poverty and closely linked to poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water, a severe highly infectious diarrhoea disease caused by the bacterium: Vibrio cholerae . So virulent that a person could be in good health at dawn and be buried at dusk, occurrence is worldwide, and disease burden is characterized as both endemic and epidemics.
According to World Health Organizations, researchers have estimated that each year there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases of cholera and 21,000 to 143,000 deaths worldwide due to cholera. The Nigeria Center for Diseases Control put the number of suspected cases of cholera between weeks 1 and 34 (2017) to be 1198 with 36 laboratories confirmed and 32 deaths from 47 local government areas in 16 States, these figures are far higher that that given for 2016.
Cholera is transmitted by the fecal-oral route through contaminated water and food, person to person transmission is usually rare. Greater risks occur in overpopulated communities and refugee settings such as the IDP camps characterized by poor sanitation, water shortage, unsafe drinking water and increased person to person transmission. The infectious diseases of bacteria required to cause clinical disease varies with the source, if it is ingested with water, the dose is in the order of 10³-10^6 organism. When ingested with food, fewer organisms are required to produce the disease(10²-10⁴).
Check the next edition for more info
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